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Python的MySQL数据库操作通用模块

在使用Python开发爬虫工具的时候,有时候需要把数据存储进MySQL数据库中(尽管现在大多使用NoSQL如MongoDB),这个时候使用Python写一个类似Java中的数据库访问通用类就很方便了。以下是用Python实现Mysql数据库访问通用类

导入MySQLdb模块,实现数据库操作。

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#-*-coding:utf8-*-
import MySQLdb
from importlib import reload

另外Python中的字符集特别麻烦,所有在文件头将其设为utf8的字符集

定义数据库访问通用类

使用MySQLdb中的connect(host = host,user = user, passwd = password, db = db, port = port,charset= ‘utf8’)进行数据库连接。直接上代码:

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class MySqlDBHelper(object):
#将数据库连接配置作为参数传入
def __init__(self,host,user,password,db,port):
self.connecter = self.getConnect(host,user,password,db,port)

def __del__(self):
try:
self.connecter.close()
except:
print("connecter close ERROR")

def getConnect(self,host,user,password,db,port):
#python3.x之后,str字符集默认是Unicode,故没有了encode这个内置函数
#将数据库的字符集设为utf8后,就不再发生 'latin-1' codec can't encode character '\u8d5e'
con = MySQLdb.connect(host = host,user = user, passwd = password, db = db, port = port,charset= 'utf8')
return con

def query(self,sql,arg = None):
""" Return the results(Tuples) after executing SQL statement """
cur = self.connecter.cursor()
cur.execute(sql,arg)
result = cur.fetchall()
cur.close()
return result

def insert(self,table,args):
""" insert a row into the table,please make sure that the location of the parameter in the line is correct"""
num = args.__len__()
sql = 'insert into ' + table + " values(";
i = 0
while i< num:
sql += '%s'
i += 1
if i == num:
sql += ')'
else:
sql += ','
cur = self.connecter.cursor()
r = cur.execute(sql,args)
self.connecter.commit()

cur.close()
return r

def batchInsert(self, table, values):
""" Batch insertions of row data into :table.Values must be a LIST of TUPLES """
num = values[0].__len__()
sql = 'insert into ' + table + " values(";
i = 0
while i< num:
sql += '%s'
i += 1
if i == num:
sql += ')'
else:
sql += ','
cur = self.connecter.cursor()
r = cur.executemany(sql,values)
self.connecter.commit()
cur.close()
return

def update(self,sql,args=None):
""" Update or delete, args must be a list"""
try:
cur = self.connecter.cursor()
r = cur.execute(sql,args)
self.connecter.commit()
cur.close()
return r
except:
print("Update/Delete Error:"+sql)
return 0

def createDatabase(self,name):
cursor = self.connecter.cursor()
sql = "create database " + name
cursor.execute(sql)
return True


def createTable(self,tableName):
cursor = self.connecter.cursor()
sql = "create database " + tableName
cursor.execute(sql)
return True

def getAllDatabase(self):
dbList = []
cursor = self.connecter.cursor()
cursor.execute("show databases")
for db in cursor.fetchall():
dbList.append(db[0])
return dbList

def getAllTables(self,database):

cursor = self.connecter.cursor()
cursor.execute("use "+database)
cursor.execute("show tables")
tables = []
for tab in cursor.fetchall():
tables.append(tab)
return tables


def createTable(self,db,tableName,fields,keys,types):
"""db 数据库名, fields: 字段列表,keys: 主键列表,types:字段对应的类型"""

if fields == None or fields.__len__() == 0 or fields.__len__() != types.__len__():
return False
if keys == None:
keys = []

self.connecter.cursor().execute("use "+db)
if(tableName not in self.getAllTables(db)):
sql = "create TABLE " + tableName;
fs = "("
i = 0
while i < fields.__len__():
if fs != "(":
fs +=","
fs +=( fields[i]+" " + types[i] + " ")
i += 1

i = 0
pk = ""
if keys.__len__() != 0:
while i < keys.__len__():
if pk == "":
pk += "primary key("+keys[i]
else:
pk += ","+keys[i]
i+=1
pk+=")"
if pk != "":
fs+=","+pk
fs += ")"
sql += fs
self.connecter.cursor().execute(sql)
print("create_table Success")
return True
else:
return False